近期在寻找Go工程可以用的开源分库分表中间件，找了3个：ShardingSphere-Proxy，Kingshard，Gaea，下面给出测试过程和对比结果

ShardingSphere-Proxy

https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere
有apache基金会支持，社区活跃, star 20.2k

Kingshard

https://github.com/flike/kingshard
个人项目, github已经不更新了，star 6.4k

Gaea

https://github.com/XiaoMi/Gaea
小米团队发布，最近更新是2024年9月，还算比较新，star 2.7k

分表设置

t_user 分10个表
sharding-proxy是 t_user_0...9
kingshard和Gaea是 t_user_0000...0009

测试代码


package main

import (
 "database/sql"
 "encoding/json"
 "fmt"
 "math/rand"
 "sharding/internal/models"
 "strings"
 _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" // 导入 MySQL 驱动
 "log"
)

const (
 // 定义颜色的 ANSI 转义序列
 Reset  = "\033[0m"
 Red    = "\033[31m"
 Green  = "\033[32m"
 Yellow = "\033[33m"
 Blue   = "\033[34m"
)

func main() {

 log.Println(Red + "shardingsphere-proxy test" + Reset)
 dsn_proxy := "sharding:sharding@tcp(127.0.0.1:13308)/sharding_user?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
 sharding_query(dsn_proxy)

 log.Println(Yellow + "kingshard test" + Reset)
 dsn_kingshard := "kingshard:kingshard@tcp(127.0.0.1:9696)/sharding_user?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"
 sharding_query(dsn_kingshard)

 log.Println(Blue + "gaea test" + Reset)
 dsn_gaea := "sharding_gaea:sharding_gaea@tcp(127.0.0.1:13306)/sharding_user?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True&loc=Local"

 sharding_query(dsn_gaea)
}

func sharding_query(dsn string) {

 //sharding proxy

 shardingProxyConn, err := sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
 if err != nil {
  log.Println(err)
  return
 }
 defer shardingProxyConn.Close()

 id := rand.Intn(10)
 userName := fmt.Sprintf("test%d", id)
 notFound := false

 // 完整sql,无传参
 var uid uint64
 valScope := strings.ReplaceAll(userName, "'", "\\'")
 err = shardingProxyConn.QueryRow(fmt.Sprintf("select id from t_user where login_name = '%s'", valScope)).Scan(&uid)
 if err != nil {
  if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
   log.Println("query 1 fail 1: ", err.Error())
   notFound = true
  } else {
   log.Println("query 1 fail 2:", err)
  }
 } else {
  log.Println("query 1 success, uid=", uid)
 }

 // sql传参
 err = shardingProxyConn.QueryRow("select id from t_user where login_name = ?", userName).Scan(&uid)
 if err != nil {
  if err == sql.ErrNoRows {
   log.Println("query 2 fail 1: ", err.Error())
   notFound = true
  } else {
   log.Println("query 2 fail 2:", err)
  }
 } else {
  log.Println("query 2 success, uid=", uid)
 }
 // create
 if notFound {
  // sharding-proxy 有 id 自动生成配置,这里方便测试需要，指定id
  sqlIns := "INsert into t_user (id, login_name,passwd,email) values (?, ?, ?, ?)"
  result, err1 := shardingProxyConn.Exec(sqlIns, id, userName, "test1234", "test@test.com")
  if err1 != nil {
   log.Println("insert fail:", err1)
  } else {
   rowsAffected, _ := result.RowsAffected()
   log.Println("insert RowsAffected ", rowsAffected)
  }
 }

 //Select

 rows, err := shardingProxyConn.Query("select id,login_name,email,create_time,update_time from t_user where login_name like ? limit 10", "%test%")
 if err != nil {
  log.Println(err)
  return
 }
 defer rows.Close()

 var userList []models.UserModel
 for rows.Next() {
  var u models.UserModel
  e := rows.Scan(&u.ID, &u.LoginName, &u.Email, &u.CreatedTime, &u.UpdateTime)
  if e != nil {
   log.Println("row scan err:", e)
   continue
  }
  userList = append(userList, u)
 }
 j, _ := json.Marshal(userList)
 log.Println("select result:", string(j))
}

测试结论

shardingsphere-proxy 4.1

分表查询不支持占位符传参，插曲：php测试过支持传参使用
分表只支持全SQL

kingshard

分表查询不支持占位符传参，插曲：php测试过支持传参使用
分表查询支持全SQL

Gaea

分表查询支持占位符传参
分表查询支持全SQL

结论对比

Go代码的工程应用想用分库分表中间件，推荐次序

第1首选优先Gaea，因为支持占位符传参，github最近更新是2024年9月
第2是shardingsphere-proxy 4.1，因为不支持占位符传参，go工程想要用，就全得转换成完整SQL，但是配置比较简单，容易部署，有apache基金会支持，社区活跃
第3是kingshard，因为不支持占位符传参，就全得转换成完整SQL，并且github已经不更新了

测试结果日志

2025/04/19 17:04:24 shardingsphere-proxy test
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 1 success, uid= 1119859588875681792
[mysql] 2025/04/19 17:04:25 packets.go:64 [warn] unexpected seq nr: expected 4, got 5
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 2 fail 2: commands out of sync. You can't run this command now
[mysql] 2025/04/19 17:04:25 packets.go:64 [warn] unexpected seq nr: expected 8, got 17
2025/04/19 17:04:25 select result: null

2025/04/19 17:04:25 kingshard test
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 1 success, uid= 4
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 2 fail 2: Error 1105 (HY000): prepare error ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'sharding_user.t_user' doesn't exist
2025/04/19 17:04:25 Error 1105 (HY000): prepare error ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'sharding_user.t_user' doesn't exist

2025/04/19 17:04:25 gaea test
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 1 fail 1:  sql: no rows in result set
2025/04/19 17:04:25 query 2 fail 1:  sql: no rows in result set
2025/04/19 17:04:25 insert RowsAffected  1
2025/04/19 17:04:25 select result: [{"created_time":"2025-04-19T00:51:23+08:00","update_time":"2025-04-19T00:51:23+08:00","id":1,"Email":"test@test.com","LoginName":"test1","Passwd":"","LoginStatus":0,"LastLoginTime":null,"LoginCount":0}...]