ZIP学术海报模板+论文科研+研究生 38.5MB

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  96. Poster/会议墙报.pptx 632.31KB
  97. Poster/学术会议海报模板1.ppt 92KB
  98. Poster/学术海报模板2.pptx 210.98KB

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学术海报模板+研究生
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="generator" content="pdf2htmlEX"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/base.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/css/fancy.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/87766310/raw.css"><script src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/js/compatibility.min.js"></script><script src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/js/pdf2htmlEX.min.js"></script><script>try{pdf2htmlEX.defaultViewer = new pdf2htmlEX.Viewer({});}catch(e){}</script><div id="sidebar" style="display: none"><div id="outline"></div></div><div id="pf1" class="pf w0 h0" data-page-no="1"><div class="pc pc1 w0 h0"><img class="bi x0 y0 w1 h1" alt="" src="/image.php?url=https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/87766310/bg1.jpg"><div class="t m0 x1 h2 y1 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">Abstract: <span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff2 fs1 fc1">This <span class="_ _0"></span>poster presents <span class="_ _0"></span>technical <span class="_ _0"></span>details to <span class="_ _0"></span>generate an adaptive <span class="_ _0"></span>and quality <span class="_ _0"></span>tetrahedral finite <span class="_ _0"></span>element mesh <span class="_ _0"></span>of a human heart. <span class="_ _0"></span>An educational <span class="_ _0"></span>model and a <span class="_ _0"></span>patient-specific <span class="_ _0"></span>model are <span class="_ _0"></span>constructed. There <span class="_ _0"></span>are three <span class="_ _0"></span>main steps <span class="_ _0"></span>in our <span class="_ _0"></span>mesh generation: model </span></div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y2 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">acquisition, <span class="_ _0"></span>mesh <span class="_ _0"></span>extraction <span class="_ _0"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>boundary/material <span class="_ _0"></span>layer <span class="_ _0"></span>detection. <span class="_ _0"></span>(1) <span class="_ _0"></span>Model acquisition. <span class="_ _1"></span>Beginning <span class="_ _0"></span>from an <span class="_ _0"></span>educational <span class="_ _0"></span>polygonal <span class="_ _0"></span>model, <span class="_ _0"></span>we <span class="_ _0"></span>edit <span class="_ _0"></span>and convert <span class="_ _0"></span>it <span class="_ _0"></span>to <span class="_ _0"></span>volumetric <span class="_ _0"></span>gridded data. <span class="_ _0"></span>A <span class="_ _0"></span>component <span class="_ _0"></span>index <span class="_ _0"></span>for <span class="_ _0"></span>each <span class="_ _0"></span>cell <span class="_ _0"></span>edge and <span class="_ _0"></span>grid <span class="_ _0"></span>point <span class="_ _0"></span>is <span class="_ _0"></span>computed <span class="_ _0"></span>to <span class="_ _0"></span>assist </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y3 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">the <span class="_ _2"></span>boundary <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>material <span class="_ _2"></span>layer <span class="_ _2"></span>detection. <span class="_ _2"></span>For <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>patient-specific <span class="_ _3"></span>model, <span class="_ _2"></span>some <span class="_ _2"></span>boundary <span class="_ _2"></span>points <span class="_ _2"></span>are <span class="_ _2"></span>selected <span class="_ _2"></span>from <span class="_ _2"></span>MRI <span class="_ _2"></span>images, <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>connected <span class="_ _2"></span>using <span class="_ _3"></span>cubic splines <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>lofting <span class="_ _2"></span>to <span class="_ _2"></span>segment <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>MRI <span class="_ _2"></span>data. <span class="_ _2"></span>Different <span class="_ _2"></span>components <span class="_ _2"></span>are <span class="_ _4"></span>identified. <span class="_ _2"></span>(2) <span class="_ _2"></span>Mesh <span class="_ _2"></span>extraction. <span class="_ _2"></span>We </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y4 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">extract <span class="_"> </span>adaptive <span class="_ _5"> </span>and <span class="_ _5"> </span>quality <span class="_"> </span>tetrahedral <span class="_ _5"> </span>meshes <span class="_ _5"> </span>from <span class="_ _5"> </span>the <span class="_"> </span>volumetric gridded <span class="_ _5"> </span>data <span class="_ _5"> </span>using <span class="_"> </span>our <span class="_ _5"> </span>Level <span class="_ _5"> </span>Set <span class="_"> </span>Boundary <span class="_ _5"> </span>and <span class="_ _5"> </span>Interior-Exterior Mesher <span class="_ _5"> </span>(LBIE-Mesher). <span class="_ _5"> </span>The <span class="_"> </span>mesh adaptivity <span class="_ _5"> </span>is <span class="_"> </span>controlled <span class="_ _5"> </span>by <span class="_ _5"> </span>regions <span class="_"> </span>or <span class="_ _5"> </span>using <span class="_ _5"> </span>a <span class="_ _5"> </span>feature <span class="_"> </span>sensitive <span class="_ _5"> </span>error <span class="_"> </span>function. <span class="_ _5"> </span>(3) </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y5 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Boundary/material layer <span class="_ _0"></span>detection. The <span class="_ _0"></span>boundary of <span class="_ _0"></span>each component <span class="_ _0"></span>and multiple <span class="_ _0"></span>material <span class="_ _0"></span>layers are <span class="_ _0"></span>identified and <span class="_ _0"></span>meshed. The <span class="_ _0"></span>extracted tetrahedral <span class="_ _0"></span>mesh of the <span class="_ _0"></span>educational <span class="_ _0"></span>model is <span class="_ _0"></span>being utilized <span class="_ _0"></span>in <span class="_ _0"></span>the analysis <span class="_ _0"></span>of cardiac <span class="_ _0"></span>fluid <span class="_ _0"></span>dynamics via <span class="_ _0"></span>immersed continuum </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y6 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">method, and the generated patient-specific model will be used in simulating the electrical activity of the heart.</div><div class="t m0 x2 h4 y7 ff3 fs2 fc2 sc0 ls0 ws0">Finite Element Meshing for Cardiac Analysis</div><div class="t m0 x3 h5 y8 ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Yongjie (Jessica) Zhang*, <span class="_ _0"></span>Chandrajit<span class="_ _0"></span> L. Bajaj<span class="_ _0"></span>*, Thomas J. R. Hughes*, Wing <span class="_ _1"></span>Kam Liu</div><div class="t m0 x4 h6 y9 ff3 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8224;</div><div class="t m0 x5 h5 y8 ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">, Grace Chen</div><div class="t m0 x6 h6 y9 ff3 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8224;</div><div class="t m0 x7 h5 y8 ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">, Xiaodong<span class="_ _0"></span> Wang</div><div class="t m0 x8 h6 y9 ff3 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">#</div><div class="t m0 x9 h5 y8 ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">,<span class="fc4"> </span></div><div class="t m0 xa h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Marius Lysaker</div><div class="t m0 xb h6 yb ff3 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8225;</div><div class="t m0 xc h5 ya ff3 fs3 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">, Christian <span class="_ _0"></span>Tarrou</div><div class="t m0 xd h6 yb ff3 fs4 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8225;</div><div class="t m0 xe h7 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">*ICES &amp; CS, Univ. of Texas at Austin<span class="_ _6"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 xf h8 yd ff1 fs6 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8224;</div><div class="t m0 x10 h7 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ME, Northwestern Univ.<span class="_ _7"> </span> </div><div class="t m0 x11 h8 yd ff1 fs6 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">#</div><div class="t m0 x12 h7 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">ME, Polytechnic Univ. </div><div class="t m0 x13 h8 yd ff1 fs6 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">&#8225;</div><div class="t m0 x14 h7 yc ff1 fs5 fc3 sc0 ls0 ws0">Simula Research Lab, Norway</div><div class="t m0 x13 h9 ye ff2 fs7 fc5 sc0 ls0 ws0">* Please contact <span class="ff4">jessica@ices.utexas.edu<span class="_ _8"> </span></span> for further information.</div><div class="t m0 x15 h2 yf ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">References</div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y10 ff5 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="fs9">Y. <span class="_ _a"> </span>Zhang, <span class="_ _a"> </span>C. Bajaj. <span class="_ _a"> </span>Finite <span class="_ _a"> </span>Element <span class="_ _b"> </span>Meshing <span class="_ _a"> </span>for <span class="_ _a"> </span>Cardiac <span class="_ _a"> </span>Analysis. <span class="ff6">ICES <span class="_ _c"> </span>Technical <span class="_ _a"> </span>Report <span class="_ _a"> </span>04-26, <span class="_ _a"> </span>the <span class="_ _a"> </span>Univ. <span class="_ _c"> </span>of </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y11 ff6 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Texas at Austin<span class="_ _4"> </span><span class="ff5">, 2004.</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y12 ff5 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">2.<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="fs9">Y. <span class="_ _d"></span>Zhang, <span class="_ _d"></span>C. Bajaj, <span class="_ _d"></span>B.-S. Sohn. <span class="_ _d"></span>3D <span class="_ _d"></span>Finite <span class="_ _d"></span>Element <span class="_ _2"></span>Meshing <span class="_ _d"></span>from <span class="_ _d"></span>Imaging <span class="_ _d"></span>Data. <span class="_ _d"></span>Accepted <span class="_ _2"></span>in <span class="_ _d"></span>the <span class="_ _d"></span>special <span class="_ _d"></span>issue <span class="_ _d"></span>of </span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y13 ff5 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">CMAME on Unstructured Mesh Generation. 2004.</div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y14 ff5 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">3.<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="fs9">Y. <span class="_ _0"></span>Zhang, <span class="_ _0"></span>C. Bajaj<span class="_ _0"></span>, <span class="_ _0"></span>B.-S. Sohn. <span class="_ _0"></span>Adaptive <span class="_ _0"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>Quality <span class="_ _1"></span>3D <span class="_ _0"></span>Meshing <span class="_ _0"></span>from <span class="_ _0"></span>Imaging <span class="_ _1"></span>Data, <span class="ff6">ACM <span class="_ _e"> </span>Symposium <span class="_"> </span>on <span class="_ _0"></span>Solid </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y15 ff6 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Modeling and Applications. pp. 286-291, Seattle, June 2003<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff5">.</span></div><div class="t m0 x15 ha y16 ff5 fs8 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">4.<span class="_ _9"> </span><span class="fs9">The World&#8217;s Best Anatomical Charts. Anatomical Chart Company Skokie, IL. ISBN 0-9603730-5-5. </span></div><div class="t m0 x15 hc y17 ff7 fsa fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">5.<span class="_ _f"> </span><span class="fs7">Acknowledgements:<span class="ff5 fs9"> <span class="_ _1"></span>Thank <span class="_ _0"></span>NYU <span class="_ _1"></span>for <span class="_ _1"></span>providing <span class="_ _1"></span>the <span class="_ _1"></span>educational <span class="_ _1"></span>polygonal <span class="_ _0"></span>heart <span class="_ _1"></span>model, <span class="_ _1"></span>Helena Hanninen<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>from </span></span></div><div class="t m0 x16 hb y18 ff5 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Helsinki Univ. Central Hospital in Finland for MRI scanned data.</div><div class="t m0 x17 h9 y19 ff2 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">13</div><div class="t m0 x18 hd y1a ff2 fsb fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0">th</div><div class="t m0 x19 h9 y19 ff2 fs7 fc6 sc0 ls0 ws0"> International Meshing Roundtable, Williamsburg, Virginia, September 19-22, 2004</div><div class="t m0 x1a he y1b ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">aortic valve<span class="_ _10"> </span>tricuspid valve<span class="_ _11"> </span>pulmonary valve<span class="_ _12"> </span>mitral valve</div><div class="t m0 x17 h2 y1c ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">1. An Educational Model</div><div class="t m0 x1b hf y1d ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 1. Heart Anatomy Model from [4]</div><div class="t m0 x1 h10 y1e ff1 fsd fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.1 Model Acquisition</div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y1f ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">An <span class="_ _2"></span>educational <span class="_ _2"></span>polygonal <span class="_ _2"></span>model <span class="_ _2"></span>is <span class="_ _4"></span>modified <span class="_ _2"></span>and <span class="_ _2"></span>converted <span class="_ _2"></span>into <span class="_ _2"></span>volumetric gridded </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y20 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">data <span class="_ _d"></span>using <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _d"></span>signed <span class="_ _2"></span>distance <span class="_ _d"></span>method. <span class="_ _2"></span>The <span class="_ _d"></span>heart <span class="_ _2"></span>model <span class="_ _d"></span>is <span class="_ _2"></span>decomposed <span class="_ _d"></span>into <span class="_ _2"></span>twenty-</div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y21 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">two <span class="_"> </span>components <span class="_ _5"> </span>as <span class="_"> </span>shown <span class="_"> </span>in <span class="_"> </span>Table <span class="_"> </span>1. <span class="_"> </span>Additional <span class="_"> </span>volume <span class="_ _5"> </span>data <span class="_"> </span>indicating <span class="_"> </span>which </div><div class="t m0 x1 h3 y22 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">component each grid point and each cell edge belong to is also calculated.</div><div class="t m0 x17 h10 y23 ff1 fsd fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.2 Mesh Extraction</div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y24 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">We <span class="_ _13"> </span>choose <span class="_ _13"> </span>the <span class="_ _13"> </span>extended <span class="_ _13"> </span>Dual </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y25 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Contouring <span class="_ _14"> </span>method <span class="_ _14"> </span>to <span class="_ _14"> </span>construct <span class="_ _14"> </span>the </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y26 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">tetrahedral <span class="_ _2"></span>heart <span class="_ _4"></span>model <span class="_ _2"></span>from <span class="_ _4"></span>volumetric </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y27 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">gridded <span class="_ _14"> </span>data <span class="_ _15"> </span>[2][3] <span class="_ _15"> </span>because <span class="_ _14"> </span>it <span class="_ _15"> </span>takes </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y28 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">isosurfaces <span class="_ _16"> </span>as <span class="_ _16"> </span>boundaries <span class="_ _16"> </span>and <span class="_ _17"> </span>can </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y29 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">generate adaptive <span class="_ _0"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>quality <span class="_ _0"></span>meshes for </div><div class="t m0 x17 h3 y2a ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">complicated structures.</div><div class="t m0 x17 h10 y2b ff1 fsd fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.3 Boundary/Material Layer </div><div class="t m0 x17 h10 y2c ff1 fsd fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">Detection</div><div class="t m0 x1c h3 y2d ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">We <span class="_ _1"></span>first <span class="_ _1"></span>select <span class="_ _18"></span>some <span class="_ _1"></span>points <span class="_ _1"></span>in <span class="_ _1"></span>each <span class="_ _18"></span>slice <span class="_ _1"></span>of <span class="_ _1"></span>the <span class="_ _1"></span>MRI <span class="_ _18"></span>data, <span class="_ _1"></span>then <span class="_ _1"></span>connect <span class="_ _1"></span>them <span class="_ _1"></span>smoothly </div><div class="t m0 x1c h3 y2e ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">using <span class="_ _19"> </span>cubic splines<span class="_ _0"></span> <span class="_ _19"> </span>and <span class="_ _19"> </span>lofting. <span class="_ _19"> </span>In <span class="_ _19"> </span>this <span class="_ _19"> </span>way, <span class="_ _19"> </span>we <span class="_ _1a"> </span>segment <span class="_ _1a"> </span>the <span class="_ _19"> </span>MRI <span class="_ _19"> </span>data <span class="_ _19"> </span>into <span class="_ _19"> </span>four </div><div class="t m0 x1c h3 y2f ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">regions: <span class="_ _0"></span>the background <span class="_ _0"></span>(0), the <span class="_ _0"></span>heart muscle <span class="_ _0"></span>(81), <span class="_ _0"></span>the left <span class="_ _0"></span>ventricle <span class="_ _0"></span>(162) and <span class="_ _0"></span>the right </div><div class="t m0 x1c h3 y30 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">ventricle <span class="_ _c"> </span>(243). <span class="_ _c"> </span>We <span class="_ _c"> </span>use <span class="_ _c"> </span>the <span class="_ _c"> </span>same <span class="_ _c"> </span>method <span class="_ _c"> </span>to <span class="_ _c"> </span>generate <span class="_ _e"> </span>adaptive <span class="_ _1b"> </span>tetrahedral <span class="_ _c"> </span>meshes, </div><div class="t m0 x1c h3 y31 ff2 fs1 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">which will be used in the simulation of the electronic activity of the heart.</div><div class="t m0 x1d hf y32 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 2. The original model from NYU* and the modified </div><div class="t m0 x1d hf y33 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">model. <span class="ff3 fse">Note*: With permission of New York University, Copyright 1994-2004.</span></div><div class="t m0 x1d he y34 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">aortic valve<span class="_ _1c"> </span>pulmonary valve<span class="_ _1d"></span>tricuspid valve<span class="_ _1e"> </span>mitral valve</div><div class="t m0 x1e he y35 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Original foramen ovale<span class="_ _1f"> </span>Modified foramen ovale</div><div class="t m0 x1f h11 y36 ff3 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Original Model<span class="_ _20"> </span>Modified Model</div><div class="t m0 x20 hf y37 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Tab. <span class="_ _e"> </span>1. <span class="_ _e"> </span>The <span class="_ _e"> </span>corresponding <span class="_ _c"> </span>relationship <span class="_ _e"> </span>between </div><div class="t m0 x20 hf y38 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">the <span class="_ _2"></span>component/boundary <span class="_ _4"></span>index, <span class="_ _2"></span>components <span class="_ _2"></span>and </div><div class="t m0 x20 hf y39 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">their <span class="_ _18"></span>colors. <span class="_ _d"></span>The <span class="_ _18"></span>heart <span class="_ _d"></span>model <span class="_ _18"></span>is <span class="_ _d"></span>decomposed <span class="_ _d"></span>into </div><div class="t m0 x20 hf y3a ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">twenty-two components as shown in Fig. 2.</div><div class="t m0 x21 hf y3b ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 3. Boundary Detection</div><div class="t m0 x22 hf y3c ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 4. Material Layer Detection</div><div class="t m0 x23 h10 y3d ff1 fsd fc7 sc0 ls0 ws0">1.4 Application and Results</div><div class="t m0 x24 he y3e ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Before material layer detection<span class="_ _21"> </span>After material layer detection</div><div class="t m0 x25 h12 y3f ff8 fs9 fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Application:<span class="ff2 fsc"> <span class="_ _4"></span>The <span class="_ _2"></span>heart <span class="_ _2"></span>model <span class="_ _4"> </span>is <span class="_ _4"></span>put <span class="_ _2"></span>inside <span class="_ _2"></span>a <span class="_ _4"> </span>cubic </span></div><div class="t m0 x25 he y40 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">container, <span class="_ _0"></span>and <span class="_ _0"></span>all <span class="_ _0"></span>the <span class="_ _0"></span>blood <span class="_ _0"></span>vessels <span class="_ _1"></span>are extended <span class="_ _0"></span>to <span class="_ _0"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y41 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">container <span class="_ _2"></span>boundary. <span class="_ _4"> </span>The <span class="_ _4"> </span>constructed <span class="_ _4"> </span>meshes <span class="_ _4"> </span>is <span class="_ _4"> </span>being </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y42 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">used <span class="_ _d"></span>in <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _2"></span>simulation <span class="_ _2"></span>of <span class="_ _2"></span>blood <span class="_ _2"></span>flow <span class="_ _4"></span>using <span class="_ _2"></span>immersed </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y43 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">continuum <span class="_ _2"></span>method, <span class="_ _2"></span>the <span class="_ _d"></span>distribution <span class="_ _2"></span>of <span class="_ _2"></span>velocity, <span class="_ _2"></span>shear </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y44 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">stress, <span class="_ _1"></span> <span class="_ _0"></span>pressure <span class="_ _1"></span>and <span class="_ _1"></span>locations <span class="_ _1"></span>of <span class="_ _1"></span>flow <span class="_ _1"></span>recirculation <span class="_ _1"></span>are </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y45 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">analyzed. It <span class="_ _0"></span>is <span class="_ _0"></span>useful for <span class="_ _0"></span>the heart <span class="_ _0"></span>valve <span class="_ _0"></span>design and <span class="_ _0"></span>the </div><div class="t m0 x25 he y46 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">understanding of blood circulation disease.</div><div class="t m0 x26 h2 y47 ff1 fs0 fc0 sc0 ls0 ws0">2. A Patient-specific Model</div><div class="t m0 x27 he y48 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Volume rendering</div><div class="t m0 x28 he y49 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">The heart inside the human body</div><div class="t m0 x29 he y4a ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Manually digitized slices<span class="_ _22"></span>Raw MRI data<span class="_ _23"> </span>Continuous model</div><div class="t m0 x1a he y4b ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">The heart model with extensions<span class="_ _24"> </span>The heart model immersed in the fluid mesh</div><div class="t m0 x2a hf y32 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 5. The resulting adaptive and quality tetrahedral mesh for the cardiac model and the </div><div class="t m0 x2b hf y33 ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">heart model used in the simulation of blood flow.</div><div class="t m0 x2c he y48 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Smooth shading</div><div class="t m0 x7 he y4c ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">Smooth shading + <span class="_ _0"></span>wireframe</div><div class="t m0 x2d he y49 ff2 fsc fc4 sc0 ls0 ws0">A cross section of tetrahedral mesh</div><div class="t m0 x2e hf y4d ff1 fs9 fc1 sc0 ls0 ws0">Fig. 6. Interior/exterior meshes of a patient-specific heart<span class="_ _0"></span><span class="ff3 fse">.</span></div></div><div class="pi" data-data='{"ctm":[0.333333,0.000000,0.000000,0.333333,0.000000,0.000000]}'></div></div></html>
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