国外外企笔试面试题-例题
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Computer Architecture
Lecture 10
Copyright ©2022 John T. O'Donnell
Dr José Cano Reyes
School of Computing Science
University of Glasgow
Autumn 2022
Processor Datapath
Outline
• Datapath and Control
• Processor Datapath
– Registers
– Internal processor signals
– Interface
• Operating the datapath
– Writing the ir
– Fetching an instruction and incrementing pc
– Using the register file
2
Where we are going…
• We’ll describe a digital circuit (M1) that implements the Sigma16 architecture
– It will be specified in full detail (i.e. level of logic gates and flip flops)
• No “magic” black boxes
– The design contains just logic gates and flip flops
• We will have two ways of executing a Sigma16 program
– Using the Sigma16 emulator (interprets the machine language, with lots of visual feedback in a
GUI)
– Running it on the M1 circuit (reading in the machine code, storing it in memory, and then executing
the program)
3
Plan
• The RTM circuit can execute only 1 RRR instruction (add)… now we need to do the rest!
• We start with a basic datapath for Sigma16
– Just what's required to execute (the core part of) the instruction set
• Then we’ll add the rest of a basic system: control and I/O
• Then we’ll look at some more sophisticated techniques
– Described at higher level, without every detail implemented at circuit level
– Examples: Cache, Pipelining, Superscalar
4
Datapath and control
• Large circuits are organised into two major subsystems: datapath and control
– Example: processor (CPU)
• Datapath circuit: contains registers and combinational logic for calculations
• Control circuit: generates all the control signals needed by the datapath circuit
• Many of the components in the datapath require control inputs
– Registers take a load control input
– Multiplexers and demultiplexers take conditional inputs (i.e. addresses)
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